Case Series


Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Malaysian case series

,  ,  

1 Medical Officer, Surgery, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia

2 Hepatobiliary Surgeon, Hepatobiliary Surgery, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia

3 Consultant Surgeon, General Surgery, Surgery, Melaka General Hospital, Melaka, Malaysia

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Ming Rhee Chai

81, Jalan Mawar, Taman Tan Leng Ann, 85000 Segamat, Johor,

Malaysia

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Article ID: 100099Z04MC2022

doi: 10.5348/100099Z04MC2022CS

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How to cite this article

Chai MR, Sankaran P, Yap LM. Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A Malaysian case series. Int J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis 2022;12(2):1–4.

ABSTRACT


Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy which arises from hepatocytes. It is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide in 2020. It predominantly metastasizes via the hematogenous route. However, there are possibility of distant metastasis via the lymphatic and bone dissemination in a few of HCC cases.

Case Series: We report two atypical cases of HCC with distant metastasis to cervical lymph node and bone in Malaysia. The first case reported is a HCC case of extrahepatic metastasis to cervical lymph node and the second case is a HCC case of extrahepatic metastasis to right femur.

Conclusion: The patients with atypical site of distant metastasis from HCC have poor prognosis. Overall physical examination should be done to prevent overlook for all the patients with HCC.

Keywords: Bone metastasis, Cervical lymph node metastasis, Extrahepatic metastasis, Hepatocellular carcinoma

SUPPORTING INFORMATION


Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Mahfida Mahat and Dr. Diyana, Anatomic Pathologists from Department of Pathology of Hospital Melaka for providing the laboratory images.

Author Contributions

Ming Rhee Chai - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published

Padmaan Sankaran - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis of data, Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published

Lee Ming Yap - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published

Guarantor of Submission

The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.

Source of Support

None

Consent Statement

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.

Data Availability

All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

Conflict of Interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

Copyright

© 2022 Ming Rhee Chai et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.